Subject: Politics & Society

  • The Transitional Program

    A 1938 programmatic document connecting immediate demands with questions of class power. Read it in its historical context.

  • Preface: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy

    The 1859 preface frequently cited in discussions of historical materialism. Read its argument alongside concrete examples and consider the limits of mechanical interpretations.

  • The State and Revolution

    A work on the state, class and revolution written in 1917 and published in 1918. Read it as a polemic formed under particular historical conditions.

  • Reform or Revolution

    A polemic on the relationship between struggles for reform and revolutionary transformation. The source edition includes publication notes and a contents list.

  • The capitalist state

    The state comprises administrative, legal and coercive institutions. Marxist analysis examines how these institutions relate to class structures and the maintenance of property relations.

  • Reform or revolution?

    Reforms can improve lives and extend rights. The reform-or-revolution debate asks whether gradual reforms can overcome capitalist relations, or whether a change in class power is necessary.

  • Lenin and revolutionary organisation

    Debates about revolutionary organisation concern strategy, internal democracy, leadership and relationships with the working-class movement. Read Lenin’s works in relation to the political circumstances and practical problems they addressed.

  • The transitional programme

    Transitional demands seek to connect immediate needs with questions of economic and political power. Trotsky’s 1938 text emerged from particular historical circumstances and requires contextual reading.

  • Introduction to Marxism

    A structured introductory course on Marxist method, history and economics. Read it on the original portal; this record is not a copy or full translation.

  • Manifesto of the Communist Party

    A programmatic text first published in February 1848. The linked edition identifies its translators and publication history.